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Larutan
Introduction to glass kiln
Glass kiln is a kind of equipment specially used for glass manufacturing. It usually consists of furnace body, burner, temperature control system, transmission device and glass product outlet. The interior of the furnace body also includes the insulation layer, combustion chamber, glass pool and other parts. Refractory materials are an important component of the glass melting furnace. They play a decisive role in glass quality, energy consumption and product cost.
Classification of glass kilns
- Itu tempered glass furnace is a furnace that heats ordinary flat glass or laminated glass at a certain temperature, and then uses forced cooling to bring the glass surface to a state of compressive stress. The glass processed by the tempered glass furnace has the characteristics of high compressive strength and small particles after fracture. It has high safety and wide application range. The tempered glass furnace is characterized by tight temperature control and high production efficiency.
- A float glass furnace is a piece of equipment used to produce flat glass. The glass raw material is heated to a softened state, floated on a tin bath and then cooled to form. The production process of float glass needs to be carried out at high temperature and has the characteristics of high production efficiency, fast production speed and uniform glass product quality.
Glass kiln structure composition
The main components of the glass kiln include heat storage chamber, checker brick, air and fire partition wall, bata isolasi, dll.. The heat storage chamber is a periodic heat exchange equipment, which belongs to the periodic unstable temperature field, and the heat transfer process is unsteady heat transfer. Checker brick is the core component of the heat storage chamber, responsible for storing and releasing heat. The air and fire partition wall is the partition wall between the air heat storage chamber and the gas heat storage chamber. Because the upper temperature is very high and there is flying material erosion, it is easy to have fire penetration after burning, so its thickness is generally large and requires strict masonry. Insulation bricks are used to reduce the heat loss of the outer wall of the heat storage chamber.
Working principle of glass kiln
The working principle of the glass kiln mainly includes heat transfer, momentum transfer and mass transfer. Heat transfer includes flame space heat exchange caused by temperature difference in the flame space and in the glass liquid, heat exchange in the glass liquid, heat exchange in the heat storage chamber, and heat exchange between the kiln wall and the external environment. Momentum transfer is caused by pressure difference, and mass transfer involves chemical reactions and composition changes in the glass liquid.
Common Faults and Solutions of Glass Kiln
1. No discharge from the furnace head
Reason
The furnace temperature is too low
The temperature at the kiln throat outlet is low
Too much slag causes blockage
Larutan
Increase fuel supply and increase furnace temperature
Adjust combustion time and space, improve air guide conditions, and increase kiln throat outlet temperature
Clean up slag, adjust raw material ratio, and reduce slag generation
2. Kiln damage
Reason
Chemical erosion: The glass liquid is rich in silica, which has serious chemical erosion on the kiln lining material
Mechanical scouring: Strong scouring of glass liquid flow and materials
High temperature effect: The working temperature of the kiln pool is as high as 1600 degrees, and the temperature of each part fluctuates greatly
Larutan
Select refractory materials that can resist erosion, such as AL2O3ZrO2-SiO2 series of fused bricks
Select high-strength and scouring-resistant refractory materials
Materials that are resistant to high-temperature erosion and do not pollute the glass liquid
3. Problems with SCR denitrification process in kilns
Causes
Degradation of catalyst performance
Ammonia supply problems
Difficulty in equipment maintenance
Wastewater treatment problems
Solutions
Regularly replace catalysts, optimize operating conditions, and use special cleaning agents
Improve ammonia storage and transportation systems, and develop new ammonia sources
Use more durable materials and designs, and provide professional maintenance training
Use advanced wastewater treatment technologies such as reverse osmosis or evaporation
4. Other common kiln failures
Causes and solutions
| Fault phenomenon | Cause | Larutan |
|---|---|---|
| Large temperature indication error | Thermocouple is blocked or burned by material | Clean up the accumulated material or replace the thermocouple |
| Pressure indication is low | The pressure measuring tube is blocked by dust or the cyclone is filled with material. | Use compressed air to blow out the pressure gauge or cyclone cone |
| Running raw material | The temperature at the kiln tail drops too much, the coal feeding amount is too little, dll.. | Reduce feed, reduce kiln speed, add coal appropriately |
What alarm should be set for the glass furnace air cooling protection system
- Temperature alarm device: During the production process of glass kilns, the temperature may be too high due to the influence of the environment. In order to avoid damage to equipment and production safety problems caused by excessive kiln temperature, a temperature alarm device should be set. Once the kiln temperature exceeds the set value, an alarm can be issued in time.
- Air flow monitor: During the production process, glass kilns pay great attention to the control and regulation of air flow. If the air flow is insufficient, the glass raw materials are not fully melted. A high amount of air is required to keep the glass kiln running for a long time. The air flow monitor can monitor and control the air volume. Once there is a problem with the air flow, an alarm will be issued.
- Oxygen detector: During the glass production process, gas combustion in the kiln requires a certain amount of oxygen. If the oxygen is insufficient, it will lead to problems such as reduced glass production and reduced quality. Karena itu, an oxygen detector should be installed to monitor the oxygen concentration in real time and issue an alarm in time.
